Building the Blocks of Schwarzschild

TL;DR

This paper shows that Schwarzschild black holes can be viewed as bound states of Reissner-Nordström black holes with complex internal structures, revealing new insights into their composition and entropy.

Contribution

It introduces a novel construction of Schwarzschild black holes as bound states of charged black holes, with detailed analysis of their internal structure and flux configurations.

Findings

Schwarzschild black holes can be resolved into bound states of Reissner-Nordström black holes.

The internal structure features intense electromagnetic flux replacing the horizon.

Bound states possess entropy proportional to a fraction of the Schwarzschild entropy.

Abstract

We demonstrate that the Schwarzschild black hole can be ``resolved'' into bound states of Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes in four dimensions. These bound states closely resemble the Schwarzschild geometry from the asymptotic region up to an infinitesimal distance away from the Schwarzschild horizon. Below this scale, the horizon is replaced by novel spacetime structures supported by intense and entrapped electromagnetic flux. The flux originates from collinear black holes that can be brought arbitrarily close to extremality. We find that the charge distribution follows a universal pattern, with magnitudes scaling proportionally to the total mass and alternating in sign. Moreover, the bound states always have an entropy that constitutes a fraction of the Schwarzschild entropy. Constructed in four dimensions, the black holes are kept apart by struts, for which we analyze tensions and energies. These solutions pave the way for analogous constructions in supergravity and for a brane/anti-brane description of the Schwarzschild black hole in string theory.