An unconventional deformation of the nonrelativistic spin-1/2 Fermi gas

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel deformation of nonrelativistic spin-1/2 Fermi gases, interpolating between bosons and fermions, with potential for experimental realization and computational advantages, especially in the unitary limit.

Contribution

It proposes a new generalized fermionic system with up to two particles per state, maps it to fermions with imaginary polarization, and explores its properties and potential for simulation.

Findings

K=2 particles are more strongly coupled than conventional fermions.

The system remains sign-problem free for Monte Carlo simulations.

Derived virial coefficients and pressure equations of state for the deformed system.

Abstract

We explore a generalization of nonrelativistic fermionic statistics that interpolates between bosons and fermions, in which up to $K$ particles may occupy a single-particle state. We show that it can be mapped exactly to $K$ flavors of fermions with imaginary polarization. In particular, for $K\!=\!2$, we use such a mapping to derive the virial coefficients and relate them to those of conventional spin-1/2 fermions in an exact fashion. We also use the mapping to derive next-to-leading-order perturbative results for the pressure equation of state. Our results indicate that the $K\!=\!2$ particles are more strongly coupled than conventional spin-$1/2$ fermions, as measured by the interaction effects on the virial expansion and on the pressure equation of state. In the regime set by the unitary limit, the proposed $K\!=\!2$ deformation represents a universal many-body system whose properties remain largely unknown. In particular, the system can be expected to become superfluid at a critical temperature $T_c$ higher than that of the unitary limit. We suggest it may be possible to realize this system experimentally by engineering a polarized coupling to an electrostatic potential. Finally, we show that the $K\!=\!2$ system does not display a sign problem for determinantal Monte Carlo calculations, which indicates that $T_c$ can at least in principle be calculated with conventional methods.