Numerical investigation of fluid-structure interaction in a pilot-operated microfluidic valve

TL;DR

This paper presents a numerical study of a microfluidic valve with shape memory alloy actuation, analyzing its fluid-structure interactions and flow-induced vibrations to improve design for precise control in miniaturized hydraulic systems.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed numerical model of a shape memory alloy-based microfluidic valve, addressing complex nonlinear interactions and flow behaviors for the first time.

Findings

Valve performs well in ON/OFF control mode.

Flow-induced vibrations occur during proportional control.

Insights into flow-induced vibrations can guide design improvements.

Abstract

The present paper is concerned with numerical investigation of the performance of a pilot-operated control valve based on shape memory alloy actuation control. The valve under investigation can be integrated into miniaturized hydraulic systems and is developed to perform precise dispensing, mixing, or dosing tasks while being able to withstand relatively high pressure differences. The study evaluates the valve's response under the current ON/OFF and the desired proportional control regimes using numerical methods for fluid-structure interaction. The computational model replicates the operation of the valve, which requires an understanding of the complex interactions between the fluid flow with the pressurized valve and the contact with the valve seat during the opening and closing processes. In addition, the model leverages advanced numerical techniques to overcome several complexities arising mainly from the geometrical, material, and contact nonlinearities, and to mitigate the shortcomings of the partitioned fluid-structure interaction approach. Several simulations are conducted to examine the valve's structural and flow behavior under varying pressure conditions. Results indicate that the valve is adequate for ON/OFF actuation control but is susceptible to flow-induced vibrations during the proportional control regime that occurs due to the sharp pressure drop in the valve-seat gap and the ensuing Venturi effect, which counteract the opening of the main valve. The fluid-structure-interaction simulations provide insight into the mechanism underlying the flow-induced vibrations, which can serve to improve the design and enhance the performance of the valve in microfluidic applications.