Stagnant Lakatosian Research Programmes

TL;DR

This paper introduces a third category of research programmes, 'stagnant,' expanding Lakatos' framework by providing criteria and empirical support for identifying research that is neither progressing nor degenerating.

Contribution

It extends Lakatos' dichotomy by defining and empirically validating the category of stagnant research programmes, filling a gap in the traditional classification.

Findings

Identification of criteria for stagnant programmes

Empirical examples from fundamental physics

Analysis of current research landscape

Abstract

We propose an extension of the classical dichotomous categorization of research programmes into progress and degeneration according to Lakatos in the form of a neutral third category: the stagnant research programme. First, a critical examination of the primary literature with its often criticized definitional gaps justifies such a category. Through a generic derivation of criteria for stagnant programmes, a clear demarcation from progressive and degenerative ones is achieved. An empirical cross-check is subsequently employed for support: Both a series of examples from fundamental physics and a general analysis of today's research landscape also suggest on an empirical level the need to go beyond the traditional Lakatosian conception. Attributing stagnation is entirely in line with Lakatos' original intentions, which aimed not to hastily discard promising research but to exercise patience until the lifting of certain external constraints potentially enables progress once again.