Around-the-world seismic echo as a trigger for aftershocks and the main shock of an earthquake

TL;DR

This paper investigates how seismic echoes traveling around the Earth can trigger subsequent earthquakes, including foreshocks and main shocks, expanding understanding of earthquake triggering mechanisms.

Contribution

It explores the novel idea that foreshocks can generate global seismic echoes that trigger the main shock, a concept not previously studied in detail.

Findings

Evidence suggests foreshocks may excite global seismic echoes.

Round-the-world echoes can act as triggers for main shocks.

Study of earthquake triads supports the potential triggering role of echoes.

Abstract

The essence of the cumulative effect of a round-the-world seismic echo is that the echo can serve as a trigger for a second tremors in the epicentral zone of the earthquake that gave rise to the echo. According to the classification of triggers, the round-the-world echo is an endogenous force mechanical additive trigger. The round-the-world echo excited by the main shock as a trigger for aftershocks has been studied in detail previously. In this work, the question of whether a foreshock can excite a round-the-world echo, which will turn out to be a trigger for the main shock, is posed and experimentally studied. In the course of the study, the classification of the so-called triads of earthquakes was considered. When studying one of the six types of triads, indirect signs were found that the answer to the question posed may be positive Key words: earthquake source, main rupture, foreshock, triad of earthquakes, cumulative effect, free vibrations of the Earth.