Performance advantage of quantum hypothesis testing for partially coherent optical sources

TL;DR

This paper explores the advantages of quantum hypothesis testing over classical methods for detecting partially coherent optical sources, proposing a practical detection strategy with superior performance for imaging applications.

Contribution

It generalizes quantum hypothesis testing to partially coherent sources and introduces a binary spatial-mode demultiplexing strategy for improved detection without prior information.

Findings

Quantum-optimal detection outperforms classical bounds.

Proposed strategy achieves higher detection accuracy.

Results suggest potential for super-resolved imaging.

Abstract

Determining the presence of a potential optical source in the interest region is important for an imaging system and can be achieved by using hypothesis testing. The previous studies assume that the potential source is completely incoherent. In this paper, this problem is generalized to the scenario with partially coherent sources and any prior probabilities. We compare the error probability limit given by the quantum Helstrom bound with the error probability given by direct decision based on the prior probability. On this basis, the quantum-optimal detection advantage and detection-useless region are analyzed. For practical purposes, we propose a specific detection strategy using binary spatial-mode demultiplexing, which can be used in the scenarios without any prior information. This strategy shows superior detection performance and the results hold prospects for achieving super-resolved microscopic and astronomical imaging.