Partial confinement in a quantum-link simulator

TL;DR

This paper explores partial confinement in quantum-link simulators, revealing how charged particles' confining behavior depends on their positions, using spin-1 quantum link models and discussing experimental cold atom setups.

Contribution

It introduces partial confinement as an intermediate state, demonstrating its physics in spin-1 quantum link models and proposing feasible cold atom experiments.

Findings

Partial confinement depends on particle positions.

Spin-1 quantum link models effectively simulate partial confinement.

Potential cold atom experiments for observing these phenomena.

Abstract

Confinement/deconfinement, captivating attributes of high-energy elementary particles, have recently garnered wide attention in quantum simulations based on cold atoms. Yet, the partial confinement, an intermediate state between the confinement and deconfinement, remains underexplored. The partial confinement encapsulates the phenomenon that the confining behavior of charged particles is contingent upon their relative positions. In this paper, we demonstrate that the spin-1 quantum link model provides an excellent platform for exploring partial confinement. We conduct a comprehensive investigation of the physics emerging from partial confinement in both the context of equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics. Potential experimental setups using cold atoms are also discussed. Our work offers a simple and feasible routine for the study of confinement-related physics in the state-of-the-art artificial quantum systems subject to gauge symmetries.