PromptCL: Improving Event Representation via Prompt Template and Contrastive Learning

TL;DR

PromptCL enhances event representation learning by using prompt templates and contrastive learning to better capture short event semantics, outperforming existing methods.

Contribution

Introduces PromptCL, a novel framework combining prompt templates and contrastive learning to improve event representation from short texts.

Findings

PromptCL outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on event tasks.

Using prompts improves generalization of event representations.

Subject-Predicate-Object and EventMLM enhance understanding of event components.

Abstract

The representation of events in text plays a significant role in various NLP tasks. Recent research demonstrates that contrastive learning has the ability to improve event comprehension capabilities of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) and enhance the performance of event representation learning. However, the efficacy of event representation learning based on contrastive learning and PLMs is limited by the short length of event texts. The length of event texts differs significantly from the text length used in the pre-training of PLMs. As a result, there is inconsistency in the distribution of text length between pre-training and event representation learning, which may undermine the learning process of event representation based on PLMs. In this study, we present PromptCL, a novel framework for event representation learning that effectively elicits the capabilities of PLMs to comprehensively capture the semantics of short event texts. PromptCL utilizes a Prompt template borrowed from prompt learning to expand the input text during Contrastive Learning. This helps in enhancing the event representation learning by providing a structured outline of the event components. Moreover, we propose Subject-Predicate-Object (SPO) word order and Event-oriented Masked Language Modeling (EventMLM) to train PLMs to understand the relationships between event components. Our experimental results demonstrate that PromptCL outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on event related tasks. Additionally, we conduct a thorough analysis and demonstrate that using a prompt results in improved generalization capabilities for event representations. Our code will be available at https://github.com/YuboFeng2023/PromptCL.