Patterns of active dipolar particles in external magnetic fields

TL;DR

This study uses Brownian dynamics simulations to analyze how active dipolar particles organize into various patterns under external magnetic fields, revealing dominant chain and band formations influenced by field strength.

Contribution

It systematically characterizes pattern formation in active dipolar particles under magnetic fields, highlighting the emergence of chain and band structures and their dependence on field strength.

Findings

Oriented chains and bands dominate under external fields.

Columnar spacing decreases with increasing field strength.

Patterns resemble structures in passive ferrofluids.

Abstract

Active particles with a (magnetic) dipole moment are of interest for steering self-propelled motion, but also result in novel collective effects due to their dipole-dipole interaction. Here systems of active dipolar particles are studied with Brownian dynamics simulations to systematically characterize the different patterns they form, specifically in the presence of an external (magnetic) field. The combination of three types of order - clustering, orientational alignment and chain formation - is used to classify the patterns observed in these systems. In the presence of an external field, oriented chains and bands are found to be dominant. These structures show some similarities with columnar cluster seen in (passive) ferrofluids and display columnar spacing and number of lanes per cluster that both decrease with increasing field strength.