Utilizing Large Language Models to Identify Reddit Users Considering Vaping Cessation for Digital Interventions

TL;DR

This study explores using large language models, especially GPT-4, to identify Reddit users' intentions to quit vaping, aiming to improve digital health interventions by analyzing social media data more accurately than humans.

Contribution

It demonstrates GPT-4's superior performance over traditional models and humans in detecting nuanced vaping cessation intentions from Reddit posts.

Findings

GPT-4 outperforms BERT and humans in intention detection.

GPT-4 shows higher consistency with annotation guidelines.

Preliminary results suggest potential for improved social media health data analysis.

Abstract

The widespread adoption of social media platforms globally not only enhances users' connectivity and communication but also emerges as a vital channel for the dissemination of health-related information, thereby establishing social media data as an invaluable organic data resource for public health research. The surge in popularity of vaping or e-cigarette use in the United States and other countries has caused an outbreak of e-cigarette and vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI), leading to hospitalizations and fatalities in 2019, highlighting the urgency to comprehend vaping behaviors and develop effective strategies for cession. In this study, we extracted a sample dataset from one vaping sub-community on Reddit to analyze users' quit vaping intentions. Leveraging large language models including both the latest GPT-4 and traditional BERT-based language models for sentence-level quit-vaping intention prediction tasks, this study compares the outcomes of these models against human annotations. Notably, when compared to human evaluators, GPT-4 model demonstrates superior consistency in adhering to annotation guidelines and processes, showcasing advanced capabilities to detect nuanced user quit-vaping intentions that human evaluators might overlook. These preliminary findings emphasize the potential of GPT-4 in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of social media data analysis, especially in identifying subtle users' intentions that may elude human detection.