Exploring the properties of photosphere and emission lines for tidal disruption events based on the global solution of slim disk and winds

TL;DR

This paper models the properties of photospheres and emission lines in tidal disruption events using a slim disk and wind framework, explaining observed spectra and luminosities.

Contribution

It introduces a global slim disk model with wind to simulate TDE envelope evolution and emission lines, aligning theoretical predictions with observations.

Findings

Reproduces typical TDE photosphere temperature, luminosity, and size.

Shows radiation-driven winds alone underestimate emission line luminosities.

Suggests stellar debris self-collision ejects enough matter to match observed emission lines.

Abstract

The theoretical debris supply rate from a tidal disruption of stars can exceed about one hundred times of the Eddington accretion rate for a $10^{6-7}M_{\odot}$ supermassive black hole (SMBH). It is believed that a strong wind will be launched from the disk surface due to the radiation pressure in the case of super-Eddington accretion, which may be one of the mechanisms for formation of the envelope as observed in tidal disruption events (TDEs). In this work, we explore the evolution of the envelope that formed from the optical thick winds by solving the global solution of the slim-disk model. Our model can roughly reproduce the typical temperature, luminosity and size of the photosphere for TDEs. Based on \texttt{CLOUDY} modeling, we find that, if only considering the radiation-driven disk wind, the emission line luminosities are normally much lower than the typical observational results due to the limited atmosphere mass outside the envelope. We propose that the ejection of the outflow from the self-collision of the stellar debris during the circularization may provide enough matter outside the disk-wind photosphere. Our calculated spectra can roughly reproduce the main properties of several typical emission lines (e.g., $\rm H\alpha$, $\rm H\beta$ and \ion{He}{2}), which was applied well to a TDE candidate AT2018dyb.