A Nitrogen Alternative: Use of Plasma Activated Water as Nitrogen Source in Hydroponic Solution for Radish Growth

TL;DR

This study explores plasma-activated water as a nitrogen source in hydroponics, demonstrating improved radish growth, enhanced biochemical composition, and microbial safety, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional nitrogen fertilizers.

Contribution

It introduces plasma-activated water as a novel, effective nitrogen supplement in hydroponic systems, showing significant growth and biochemical benefits over traditional methods.

Findings

Radish roots grew 30% longer with plasma-activated water.

Root weight increased by approximately 51% using plasma-activated water.

Soluble sugar and protein concentrations were significantly higher with plasma-activated water.

Abstract

The study investigates the potential of Plasma-Activated Water (PAW) as a nitrogen supplement in hydroponic cultivation (HS-N+PAW), specifically focusing on radish seed germination and plant growth. PAW, produced using a dielectric barrier discharge pencil plasma jet using air as plasma forming gas, is compared against conventional hydroponic solution (HS) and hydroponic solution without nitrogen (HS-N). PAW treatment completely eliminates microbial growth in seeds. Radish plants cultivated with HS-N+PAW display approximately 30% and 3% longer roots compared to those grown with HS-N and HS, respectively, with shoot length increasing by ~16.5% (HS-N) and <1% (HS). Root weight sees a substantial increase of ~51% with HS-N+PAW compared to HS-N, while the increase with HS is not significant. Similarly, shoot fresh weight sees a notable increase of 50% (HS-N) and 10% (HS). In terms of biochemical composition, radish roots show a significant increase of approximately 15.3% in soluble sugar concentration with HS-N+PAW compared to HS-N. Protein concentration in radish leaves increases by ~5.1% and ~19.0% with HS-N+PAW compared to HS-N and HS, respectively. Heightened soluble sugar and protein concentrations in HS-N+PAW-grown plants, indicating enhanced metabolic activity and nutrient uptake. However, variations in chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations in leaves among different growth media are statistically insignificant. H2O2 concentration root and shoot remains consistent across growth media, electrolytic and phenolic leakage, along with antioxidant enzyme activities, exhibit differential responses, underscoring the impact of growth conditions on plant stress responses.