Input-Output Specifications of Grid-Forming Functions and Data-Driven Verification Methods

TL;DR

This paper develops data-driven methods to verify interoperability and performance specifications of grid-forming converters using only input-output data, accounting for network dynamics and control parameters.

Contribution

It introduces decentralized frequency stability conditions and a validation approach for CIG performance using input-output data, validated through EMT simulations.

Findings

Decentralized conditions for frequency stability verified with CIG terminal data.

A simple data-driven validation method for CIG performance demonstrated.

Impact of control gains, network coupling, and bandwidth on CIG verified through simulations.

Abstract

This work investigates interoperability and performance specifications for converter interfaced generation (CIG) that can be verified using only input-output data. First, we develop decentralized conditions on frequency stability that account for network circuit dynamics and can be verified using CIG terminal dynamics and a few key network parameters. Next, we formalize performance specifications that impose requirements on the CIG disturbance response. A simple data-driven validation method is presented that enables verification of the interoperability and performance specifications for CIG using input-output data from a two-node system. Data obtained from electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations are used to illustrate the proposed approach and the impact of key parameters such as inner control loop gains, network coupling strength, and controller bandwidth limitations.