Multi-Tier Non-Terrestrial Networking for Disaster Communications: A Layered Clustering Approach

TL;DR

This paper proposes a layered clustering approach for multi-tier non-terrestrial networks to enhance disaster communication resilience by integrating UAV-based RAN and HAPS-based backhaul in a three-layer heterogeneous network.

Contribution

It introduces a novel three-layer network architecture and a two-layer clustering algorithm to improve the deployment and longevity of disaster response NTNs.

Findings

Enhanced network lifespan in disaster scenarios

Effective clustering improves UAV-BS ad-hoc networking

Integration of UAVs and HAPS optimizes coverage and backhaul

Abstract

It is crucial to deploy temporary non-terrestrial networks (NTN) in disaster situations where terrestrial networks are no longer operable. Deploying uncrewed aerial vehicle base stations (UAV-BSs) can provide a radio access network (RAN); however, the backhaul link may also be damaged and unserviceable in such disaster conditions. In this regard, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) spark attention as they can be deployed as super macro base stations (SMBS) and data centers. Therefore, in this study, we investigate a three-layer heterogeneous network with different topologies to prolong the lifespan of the temporary network by using UAV-BSs for RAN services and HAPS-SMBS as a backhaul. Furthermore, a two-layer clustering algorithm is proposed to handle the UAV-BS ad-hoc networking effectively.