Harnessing Optical Imaging Limit through Atmospheric Scattering Media

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive model to understand the physical limits of optical imaging through atmospheric scattering media, demonstrating how to extend image range and improve recognition in foggy conditions.

Contribution

The study introduces a new model that integrates atmospheric effects, target features, and digital processing to evaluate and approach the physical limits of optical imaging in scattering media.

Findings

Good agreement between model predictions and experimental results.

Multi-frame averaging extends image range by 1.2 times.

Noise reduction enhances optical imaging capabilities in atmospheric conditions.

Abstract

Recording and identifying faint objects through atmospheric scattering media by an optical system are fundamentally interesting and technologically important. In this work, we introduce a comprehensive model that incorporates contributions from target characteristics, atmospheric effects, imaging system, digital processing, and visual perception to assess the ultimate perceptible limit of geometrical imaging, specifically the angular resolution at the boundary of visible distance. The model allows to reevaluate the effectiveness of conventional imaging recording, processing, and perception and to analyze the limiting factors that constrain image recognition capabilities in atmospheric media. The simulations were compared with the experimental results measured in a fog chamber and outdoor settings. The results reveal general good agreement between analysis and experimental, pointing out the way to harnessing the physical limit for optical imaging in scattering media. An immediate application of the study is the extension of the image range by an amount of 1.2 times with noise reduction via multi-frame averaging, hence greatly enhancing the capability of optical imaging in the atmosphere.