Unveiling dynamic bifurcation of Resch-patterned origami for self-adaptive impact mitigation structure

TL;DR

This paper presents a novel origami-inspired structure with dynamic bifurcation capabilities that adaptively switch deformation modes in response to impact velocity, offering a versatile solution for impact mitigation across various scenarios.

Contribution

The study introduces a Resch-patterned origami structure exhibiting speed-dependent dynamic bifurcation, enabling real-time adaptive impact mitigation.

Findings

Demonstrated impact speed-dependent switching between folding and unfolding modes.

Validated the scalability of the mechanism with a bumper-like tessellated structure.

Showcased practical application through pendulum-based impact tests.

Abstract

A long-standing challenge in impact mitigation is the development of versatile and omnifarious protective structures capable of encompassing a wide spectrum of scenarios, for example, ranging from low-speed pedestrian impacts to high-speed vehicle collisions. However, most existing impact mitigation strategies rely on fixed geometries or pre-tuned material properties targeting specific impact speed, lacking the ability to adapt in real time. Here, we draw inspiration from origami to design impact mitigation structures that exhibit multi-modal and self-adaptive behavior. We introduce a Resch-patterned origami structure that hosts two distinctive deformation modes: a monostable folding mode and a bistable unfolding mode featuring snap-through. Impact experiments reveal a speed-dependent dynamic bifurcation, wherein the structure autonomously switches between folding and unfolding in response to the applied impact velocity. This dynamic bifurcation, intrinsically distinct from kinematic or static origami bifurcations, enables real-time selection of deformation pathways that enhance energy dissipation across a broad range of impact conditions. We further demonstrate the scalability and practical relevance of this mechanism by fabricating tessellations in a bumper-like configuration and evaluating their performance using a pendulum-based mannequin impact test. Together, these results establish dynamic bifurcation in origami-based structures as an adaptive impact mitigation strategy. This approach enables scalable and programmable protective systems that autonomously select deformation modes in real time, with broad relevance to adaptive robotics, smart protective armor, and aerospace damping technologies.