Effect of biquadratic magnetic exchange interaction in the 2D antiferromagnets MPS_3 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)

TL;DR

This study investigates how biquadratic magnetic exchange interactions influence the magnetic properties and transition temperatures of 2D MPS_3 antiferromagnets, revealing their increasing significance across the 3d series.

Contribution

It provides a detailed parameterization of spin Hamiltonians for MPS_3 monolayers using DFT+U calculations, highlighting the growing importance of biquadratic interactions.

Findings

Biquadratic interactions increase in importance across the 3d series.

Biquadratic interactions open wider magnon gaps in FePS_3, CoPS_3, NiPS_3.

Neel temperatures rise systematically from FePS_3 to NiPS_3 due to biquadratic interactions.

Abstract

The two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials MPS_3(M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) display antiferromagnetic ordering of the magnetic moments at the transition metal ions. The possibility to exfoliate thin layers that preserve the magnetic order makes these materials interesting for numerous applications in devices that require integration of flexible patches of magnetic materials, e.g. in antiferromagnetic spintronics. Hence, an improved understanding of their magnetic properties is desirable. Here, we parameterize spin Hamiltonians for a monolayer of all four materials of this class using density functional theory plus Hubbard U calculations. We provide a step-by-step guide for calculating the magnetic exchange interactions and magnetic anisotropy energy using the (non-)collinear DFT+U(+ SOC) approach with a suitably chosen U for each material. It is found that the biquadratic interactions gain in importance while moving through the 3d series. Retaining the leading terms of a Holstein-Primakoff-transformed spin Hamiltonian, the magnon spectra are calculated. While MnPS_3 is found to be an almost isotropic antiferromagnet with a tiny gap, the biquadratic interaction opens an increasingly wider gap for FePS_3, CoPS_3 and NiPS_3. In line with this observation, Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the biquadratic interactions contribute to a systematic rise in the Neel temperature from FePS_3 to NiPS_3.