Two dimensional arrays of Bose-Einstein condensates: interference and stochastic collapse dynamics

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new experimental platform using two-dimensional arrays of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) for quantum simulation, demonstrating phase control, collapse dynamics, and potential for large-scale experiments.

Contribution

The authors create defect-free 2D BEC arrays with independent phases and showcase their use in studying phase boundaries and stochastic collapse dynamics, advancing quantum simulation capabilities.

Findings

Array of 49 BECs with independent phases confirmed by interference

Fast determination of phase boundary in BECs with attractive interactions

Observation of stochastic collapse dynamics occurring faster than ensemble decay

Abstract

We demonstrate two-dimensional arrays of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) as a new experimental platform with parallel quantum simulation capability. A defect-free array of up to 49 BECs is formed by loading a single BEC with 50,000 atoms into 7*7 optical wells. Each BEC is prepared with independent phases, confirmed by matterwave interference. Based on BEC arrays, we realize fast determination of the phase boundary of BECs with attractive interactions. We also observe the stochastic collapse dynamics from the distribution of atom numbers in the array. We show that the collapse of a BEC can occur much faster than the averaged decay of an ensemble. The BEC arrays enable new forms of experiments to drastically increase the measurement throughput and to quantum simulate, say, large 2D Josephson-junction arrays.