The Lambda-CDM-NG cosmological model: A possible resolution of the Hubble tension

TL;DR

This paper proposes a modified cosmological model based on Newtonian gravity principles within general relativity to potentially resolve the Hubble tension, offering testable differences from standard models.

Contribution

It introduces a new cosmological model that restores the gravitational potential source to its Newtonian value, addressing the Hubble tension without new physics.

Findings

The model eliminates the Hubble tension under certain conditions.

It predicts a different deceleration parameter from standard cosmology.

Provides a testable distinction between models based on deceleration parameter differences.

Abstract

This paper is based on two insights: (1) that general relativity alone does not specify how much of the matter density contributes to the source term in Friedmann's equation, and how much contributes as the source of the gravitational potential of condensed objects; and (2) the source of the gravitational potential in the currently accepted cosmological model, for the small scales of condensed objects, is not what one would expect from Newtonian theory. Here insight (1) is used to restore the source of the gravitational potential to its Newtonian value, giving a new cosmological model. This model uses only conventional general relativity (no speculative physics) and the usual cosmological sources of gravitation, and there is no Hubble tension in this model if the total gravitational potential of condensed objects falls in a certain range. The deceleration parameter in the new model differs from that in the currently favored onel, suggesting a test to distinguish between the two models.