Expansion dynamics of a cylindrical-shell-shaped strongly dipolar condensate

TL;DR

This paper theoretically investigates the expansion dynamics of a cylindrical-shell-shaped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate of dysprosium atoms, demonstrating its stability and shape preservation during expansion when the radial trap is removed.

Contribution

It introduces a mean-field model including Lee-Huang-Yang interactions to study the robustness and expansion behavior of cylindrical-shell-shaped dipolar BECs.

Findings

Cylindrical-shell-shaped BEC expands without deformation when radial trap is removed.

The shell structure remains stable during expansion.

Axial trap can be relaxed after radial expansion for observation.

Abstract

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) formed on a curved surface with a distinct topology has been a hot topic of intense research, in search of new phenomena in quantum physics as well as for its possible application in quantum computing. In addition to the study of a spherical-shell-shaped BEC, we studied the formation of a cylindrical-shell-shaped harmonically-trapped dipolar BEC of $^{164}$Dy atoms theoretically using an improved mean-field model including a Lee-Huang-Yang-type interaction, meant to stop a collapse at high atom density. To test the robustness of the cylindrical-shell-shaped BEC, here we study its expansion in the same model. We find that as the harmonic trap in the $x$ and $y$ directions are removed, maintaining the axial trap, the cylindrical-shell-shaped BEC expands in the $x$-$y$ plane without deformation, maintaining its shell-shaped structure. After an adequate radial expansion, the axial trap can be relaxed for a desired axial expansion of the cylindrical-shell-shaped BEC allowing its observation.