Does dark energy really revive using DESI 2024 data?

TL;DR

This study analyzes DESI 2024 data to evaluate dark energy models, finding that a complex log-corrected model fits better than standard parametrizations and that future data is crucial to resolve tensions with the ΛCDM model.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of multiple dark energy models using DESI 2024 data, highlighting the potential of complex models to better fit observations.

Findings

A log-corrected dark energy model outperforms CPL parametrization.

Removing specific data points aligns results with ΛCDM.

Future data are essential to confirm dynamical dark energy presence.

Abstract

We investigate the impact of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) 2024 data on dark energy scenarios. We thus analyze three typologies of models, the first in which the cosmic speed up is related to thermodynamics, the second associated with Taylor expansions of the barotropic factor, whereas the third based on \emph{ad hoc} dark energy parameterizations. In this respect, we perform Monte Carlo Markov chain analyses, adopting the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, of 12 models. To do so, we first work at the background, inferring \emph{a posteriori} kinematic quantities associated with each model. Afterwards, we obtain early time predictions, computing departures on the growth evolution with respect to the model that better fits DESI data. We find that the best model to fit data \emph{is not} the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization, but rather a more complicated log-corrected dark energy contribution. To check the goodness of our findings, we further directly fit the product, $r_d h_0$, concluding that $r_d h_0$ is anticorrelated with the mass. This treatment is worked out by removing a precise data point placed at $z=0.51$. Surprisingly, in this case the results again align with the $\Lambda$CDM model, \emph{indicating that the possible tension between the concordance paradigm and the CPL model can be severely alleviated}. We conclude that future data points will be essential to clarify whether dynamical dark energy is really in tension with the $\Lambda$CDM model.