Energetics of Trapped-Ion Quantum Computation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the energetic costs of quantum computation in a trapped-ion setup, providing a theoretical and experimental analysis that suggests potential energy advantages over classical supercomputers.

Contribution

It offers a detailed characterization of the energy requirements for quantum Fourier transform implementation in trapped ions, highlighting potential energetic advantages.

Findings

Estimated energetic costs from experimental data.

Identified a potential energy threshold for quantum advantage.

Suggested that energy efficiency could be achieved before computational speedup.

Abstract

The question of the energetic efficiency of quantum computers has gained increasing attention recently. A precise understanding of the resources required to operate a quantum computer with a targeted computational performance and how the energy requirements can impact the scalability is still missing. In this work, one implementation of the quantum Fourier transform algorithm in a trapped-ion setup was studied. The main focus was to obtain a theoretical characterization of the energetic costs of quantum computation, based on actual experimental measurements performed on a similar trapped-ion setup.The energetic cost of the computation was estimated by analyzing the components of the setup and all the steps involved, from the cooling and preparation of the ions to the execution of the algorithm and readout of the result. In the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum regime, a potential scaling of the energetic costs was argued and used to find a possible threshold for an energetic quantum advantage against state-of-the-art classical supercomputers. Remarkably, this threshold appears to be lower than the one for which computational time advantage is expected.