Neutrino and Gamma-Ray Signatures of Inelastic Dark Matter Annihilating outside Neutron Stars

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel method to detect inelastic dark matter through gamma-ray and neutrino signals from neutron stars in the Galactic Center, setting new constraints and forecasting future detection capabilities.

Contribution

It introduces the first analysis of inelastic dark matter annihilation outside neutron stars and evaluates observational constraints and future sensitivities.

Findings

Existing H.E.S.S. data constrains the inelastic dark matter-nucleon cross-section.

Future telescopes could detect cross-sections as low as 2 x 10^-47 cm^2.

Neutron star-focused gamma-ray and neutrino signals are promising for dark matter detection.

Abstract

We present a new inelastic dark matter search: neutron stars in dark matter-rich environments capture inelastic dark matter which, for interstate mass splittings between about $45 - 285 \ \rm MeV$, will annihilate away before becoming fully trapped inside the object. This means a sizable fraction of the dark matter particles can annihilate while being outside the neutron star, producing neutron star-focused gamma-rays and neutrinos. We analyze this effect for the first time and target the neutron star population in the Galactic Center, where the large dark matter and neutron star content makes this signal most significant. Depending on the assumed neutron star and dark matter distributions, we set constraints on the dark matter-nucleon inelastic cross-section using existing H.E.S.S. observations. We also forecast the sensitivity of upcoming gamma-ray and neutrino telescopes to this signal, which can reach inelastic cross-sections as low as $\sim 2 \times 10^{-47} \ \rm cm^2$.