Enhance Low-Carbon Power System Operation via Carbon-Aware Demand Response

TL;DR

This paper introduces a carbon-aware demand response framework that optimizes flexible loads to reduce carbon footprints and enhances low-carbon power system operation using novel algorithms and the C-OPF method.

Contribution

It develops a new carbon-aware demand response paradigm and integrates it into power dispatch models with two innovative solution algorithms.

Findings

Effective reduction in carbon emissions demonstrated in simulations.

Proposed algorithms successfully solve complex bi-level optimization models.

Enhanced system operation efficiency with the C-DR approach.

Abstract

As the electrification process advances, enormous power flexibility is becoming available on the demand side, which can be harnessed to facilitate power system decarbonization. Hence, this paper studies the carbon-aware demand response (C-DR) paradigm, where individual users aim to minimize their carbon footprints through the optimal scheduling of flexible load devices. The specific operational dynamics and constraints of deferrable loads and thermostatically controlled loads are considered, and the carbon emission flow method is employed to determine users' carbon footprints using nodal carbon intensities. Then, an optimal power dispatch model that integrates the C-DR mechanism is proposed for low-carbon power system operation, based on the carbon-aware optimal power flow (C-OPF) method. Two solution algorithms, including a centralized Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) reformulation algorithm and an iterative solution algorithm, are developed to solve the bi-level power dispatch optimization model. Numerical simulations on the IEEE New England 39-bus system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.