Recent Advancements in Mode Division Multiplexing for Communication and Computation in Silicon Photonics

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent advancements in Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) in Silicon Photonics, highlighting new component libraries and applications in communication and quantum computing, addressing key integration challenges.

Contribution

The paper introduces a comprehensive library of MDM components compatible with standard SiPh foundries and discusses recent progress in MDM applications for data communication and optical computing.

Findings

Developed a library of MDM components using classical and inverse design.

Demonstrated MDM applications in datacom, classical, and quantum computing.

Achieved mode-reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers and multimode quantum processors.

Abstract

Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) is a technique used over the past decade in Silicon Photonics (SiPh) to incorporate more data into communication links by employing higher-order transverse electric or transverse magnetic modes. MDM was primarily used in optical communication; however, in recent years, there have been several applications of MDM in optical computing, including both classical and quantum computing. Although MDM has shown great promise for increasing the throughput of optical communication and the accuracy and fidelity of optical computation, there are a few challenges towards expanding its applications. One major challenge is the lack of process design kits (PDKs) and building block libraries compatible with standard SiPh foundries. Here, we present a comprehensive library of MDM components developed using classical and inverse design, compatible with standard 220 nm SiPh foundries. The library includes thermo-optic phase shifters, mode multiplexers and demultiplexers, mode converters, mode exchangers, and multi-mode interference couplers. We also discuss our recent achievements in MDM for datacom, classical and quantum optical computing, including a mode-selective switch for mode-reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM), multimode multiply-accumulate operation, and multimode photonic quantum processors.