On bipartite and tripartite entanglement at present and future particle colliders

TL;DR

This paper explores both bipartite and tripartite quantum entanglement phenomena in high-energy particle collisions at current and future colliders, using Monte Carlo simulations to analyze entanglement measures in various production processes.

Contribution

It introduces the first detailed analysis of tripartite entanglement in $t\bar{t}Z$ production and extends entanglement studies to multiple processes at colliders within the Standard Model and beyond.

Findings

Tripartite entanglement is detectable in $t\bar{t}Z$ production.

Bipartite entanglement is analyzed in several collider processes.

Entanglement measures are computed using Monte Carlo simulations.

Abstract

Entanglement, rooted in the non-deterministic, non-local nature of quantum mechanics, serves as a fundamental correlation. High-energy particle colliders offer a unique platform for exploring entanglement in the relativistic regime. The recent observation of entanglement in $t\bar{t}$ production by ATLAS has sparked significant interest in investigating entanglement phenomena at colliders. While bipartite entanglement receives extensive attention, tripartite entanglement remains relatively uncharted. We investigate tripartite entanglement in $t\bar{t}Z$ production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) within the Standard Model and with a dimension-$8$ effective operator. Additionally, we explore bipartite entanglement in $t\bar{t}$, $tW^-$, and di-boson production processes, namely $W^+W^-$, $ZZ$, and $W^+Z$, at the LHC and future $e^+e^-$ collider. We numerically compute various measures of entanglement through Monte Carlo events based on the spin density matrix, with its elements (polarization and spin correlation) obtained by analyzing the angular distribution of the final decayed leptons.