Navigating the Quantum Divide(s)

TL;DR

This paper analyzes multiple societal, scientific, and geopolitical divides caused by emerging quantum technologies, proposing a comprehensive framework to understand and navigate these interconnected challenges for better integration and policy development.

Contribution

It introduces four distinct quantum divides—scientific, technological, international, and societal—and offers a holistic view and strategies for navigating these complex challenges.

Findings

Identifies four key quantum divides affecting society and science.

Highlights the interconnectedness of these divides and their impact on innovation.

Provides directions for policymakers and stakeholders to address and bridge these divides.

Abstract

This article explores the potential divides from emerging quantum technologies (QT) on society, covering impacts on science, technology, geopolitics, and societal structures. We aim to challenge the concept of a single "quantum divide" by offering a comprehensive view. We propose four divides: in science, technologies, between countries, and within societies. The "Quantum Divide in Science" highlights gaps among scientists and access inequalities in research communities. The second divide, "Quantum Divide in Technologies through Path-dependency," looks at technology adoption processes. The "Quantum Divide between Countries" examines adoption reasons and outcomes across countries with varying development levels. Lastly, the "Quantum Divide within Societies" addresses societal implications, one of the most discussed in literature. We propose directions to navigate these divides, noting their interconnectedness and impact on innovation ecosystems. This study guides those interested in the quantum divide, navigation strategies, and QT's influence on scientific, technological, international, and societal institutions.