Energy dissipation in earthquakes

TL;DR

This paper discusses the complexities of defining and measuring energy dissipation in earthquakes, emphasizing its role in rupture dynamics and the need for advanced modeling beyond classical fracture mechanics.

Contribution

It highlights the challenges in quantifying energy dissipation in earthquakes and proposes the importance of developing a comprehensive modeling framework.

Findings

Energy dissipation influences rupture speed and size.

Distinction between near-tip and far-field dissipation is crucial.

Open questions remain in modeling earthquake energy dissipation.

Abstract

Earthquakes are rupture-like processes that propagate along tectonic faults and cause seismic waves. The propagation speed and final area of the rupture, which determine an earthquake's potential impact, are directly related to the nature and quantity of the energy dissipation involved in the rupture process. Here we present the challenges associated with defining and measuring the energy dissipation in laboratory and natural earthquakes across many scales. We discuss the importance and implications of distinguishing between energy dissipation that occurs close to and far behind the rupture tip and we identify open scientific questions related to a consistent modeling framework for earthquake physics that extends beyond classical Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics.