New Directions for Thermoelectrics: A Roadmap from High-Throughput Materials Discovery to Advanced Device Manufacturing

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent progress in high-throughput discovery and advanced manufacturing of thermoelectric materials and devices, highlighting new methods to accelerate development and scalability for energy applications.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of integrating high-throughput techniques and machine learning with manufacturing advances for thermoelectric materials and devices.

Findings

High-throughput methods accelerate thermoelectric material discovery.

Machine learning enhances screening and optimization processes.

Advanced manufacturing enables scalable, low-cost thermoelectric device production.

Abstract

Thermoelectric materials, which can convert waste heat into electricity or act as solid-state Peltier coolers, are emerging as key technologies to address global energy shortages and environmental sustainability. However, discovering materials with high thermoelectric conversion efficiency is a complex and slow process. The emerging field of high-throughput material discovery demonstrates its potential to accelerate the development of new thermoelectric materials combining high efficiency and low cost. The synergistic integration of high-throughput material processing and characterization techniques with machine learning algorithms can form an efficient closed-loop process to generate and analyze broad data sets to discover new thermoelectric materials with unprecedented performances. Meanwhile, the recent development of advanced manufacturing methods provides exciting opportunities to realize scalable, low-cost, and energy-efficient fabrication of thermoelectric devices. This review provides an overview of recent advances in discovering thermoelectric materials using high-throughput methods, including processing, characterization, and screening. Advanced manufacturing methods of thermoelectric devices are also introduced to realize the broad impacts of thermoelectric materials in power generation and solid-state cooling. In the end, this paper also discusses the future research prospects and directions.