Probing Light Inelastic Dark Matter from Direct Detection

TL;DR

This paper investigates how inelastic scattering effects can enhance the detectability of light sub-GeV dark matter in direct detection experiments by analyzing recoil spectra including DM-electron scattering and the Migdal effect.

Contribution

It systematically studies the signatures of light exothermic inelastic dark matter from recoil spectra, emphasizing the importance of combined analysis of multiple effects for detection sensitivity.

Findings

Recoil energy from inelastic scattering can surpass detection thresholds.

DM-electron and Migdal effects significantly influence detection signatures.

Combined analysis alters cosmological and laboratory bounds on inelastic dark matter.

Abstract

For dark matter (DM) direct detections, the kinematic effects such as those of the inelastic scattering can play important role in light DM searches. The light DM detection is generally difficult because of its small recoil energy. But the recoil energy of the exothermic inelastic DM scattering could exceed the detection threshold due to the contribution from the DM mass-splitting, making the direct detection of sub-GeV DM feasible. In this work, we systematically study signatures of the light exothermic inelastic DM from the recoil spectra including both the DM-electron scattering and Migdal effect. Such inelastic DM has mass around (sub-)GeV scale with DM mass-splitting of $O(1-10^2)$keV. We analyze the direct detection sensitivities to such light inelastic DM. For different inelastic DM masses and mass-splittings, we find that the DM-electron recoil and Migdal effect can contribute significantly and differently to the direct detection signatures. The DM-lepton and/or DM-quark interactions may vary for different DM models, and their interplay leads to a diversity in the recoil spectra. Hence, it is important to perform a combined analysis to include both the DM-electron recoil and Migdal effect. We further demonstrate that this analysis has strong impacts on the cosmological and laboratory bounds for the inelastic DM.