METAL-Z: Measuring dust depletion in low metalicity dwarf galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates dust depletion in low-metallicity dwarf galaxies using UV spectroscopy, revealing how iron and sulfur depletions vary with metallicity and gas density, and comparing these to other galaxy types.

Contribution

It provides new measurements of dust depletion and dust-to-gas ratios in low-metallicity dwarf galaxies, extending understanding of dust evolution in different galactic environments.

Findings

Fe depletion increases with gas density, indicating dust growth.

Fe depletion decreases with lower metallicity, with gas-phase Fe ranging from 3% to 19%.

Dust-to-gas ratio decreases slightly with metallicity, aligning with trends in Damped Ly-alpha systems.

Abstract

The cycling of metals between interstellar gas and dust is a critical aspect of the baryon cycle of galaxies, yet our understanding of this process is limited. This study focuses on understanding dust depletion effects in the low metallicity regime (< 20% Zo) typical of cosmic noon. Using medium-resolution UV spectroscopy from the COS onboard the Hubble Space Telescope, gas-phase abundances and depletions of iron and sulfur were derived toward 18 sightlines in local dwarf galaxies IC 1613 and Sextans A. The results show that the depletion of Fe and S is consistent with that found in the Milky Way, LMC and SMC. The depletion level of Fe increases with gas column density, indicating dust growth in the interstellar medium (ISM). The level of Fe depletion decreases with decreasing metallicity, resulting in the fraction of iron in gas ranging from 3% in the MW to 9% in IC 1613 and ~19% in Sextans A. The dust-to-gas and dust-to-metal ratios (D/G, D/M) for these dwarf galaxies were estimated based on the MW relations between the depletion of Fe and other elements. The study finds that D/G decreases only slightly sub-linearly with metallicity, with D/M decreasing from 0.41 +/- 0.05 in the MW to 0.11 +/- 0.11 at 0.10 Zo (at log N(H) = 21 cm-2). The trend of D/G vs. metallicity using depletion in local systems is similar to that inferred in Damped Ly-alpha systems from abundance ratios but lies higher than the trend inferred from FIR measurements in nearby galaxies.