Combining quantum processors with real-time classical communication

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a scalable quantum computing approach by integrating multiple quantum processors with real-time classical communication, enabling complex, modular quantum states beyond the limitations of individual QPUs.

Contribution

It introduces error mitigated dynamic circuits and circuit-cutting techniques for real-time classical control across multiple QPUs, enhancing connectivity and scalability.

Findings

Successfully connected up to 142 qubits across multiple QPUs

Implemented real-time classical control for quantum gates

Enhanced qubit connectivity and hardware versatility

Abstract

Quantum computers process information with the laws of quantum mechanics. Current quantum hardware is noisy, can only store information for a short time, and is limited to a few quantum bits, i.e., qubits, typically arranged in a planar connectivity. However, many applications of quantum computing require more connectivity than the planar lattice offered by the hardware on more qubits than is available on a single quantum processing unit (QPU). Here we overcome these limitations with error mitigated dynamic circuits and circuit-cutting to create quantum states requiring a periodic connectivity employing up to 142 qubits spanning multiple QPUs connected in real-time with a classical link. In a dynamic circuit, quantum gates can be classically controlled by the outcomes of mid-circuit measurements within run-time, i.e., within a fraction of the coherence time of the qubits. Our real-time classical link allows us to apply a quantum gate on one QPU conditioned on the outcome of a measurement on another QPU which enables a modular scaling of quantum hardware. Furthermore, the error mitigated control-flow enhances qubit connectivity and the instruction set of the hardware thus increasing the versatility of our quantum computers. Dynamic circuits and quantum modularity are thus key to scale quantum computers and make them useful.