Cosmic Type Ia SN rate and constraints on SN Ia progenitors

TL;DR

This study compares observed Type Ia supernova rates with models based on different star formation histories and delay time distributions to identify the dominant progenitor mechanisms, finding mixed scenarios are plausible.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of supernova progenitor channels by fitting observed rates with various models, clarifying the roles of single and double degenerate scenarios.

Findings

Single degenerate scenario fits most star formation rates.

A mixed 34% single and 66% double degenerate model is plausible.

Pure double degenerate scenario under-predicts at high redshift.

Abstract

Type Ia supernovae play a key role in the evolution of galaxies by polluting the interstellar medium with a fraction of iron peak elements larger than that released in the core collapse supernova events. Their light-curve, moreover, is widely used in cosmological studies as it constitutes a reliable distance indicator at extra-galactic scales. Among the mechanisms proposed to explain the Type Ia SNe, the single and double degenerate channels are thought to be the dominant ones, which imply a different distribution of time delays between the progenitor formation and the explosion. In this paper, we aim at determining the dominant mechanism by comparing a compilation of Type Ia SN rates with those computed from various cosmic star formation histories coupled with different delay time distribution functions, and evaluating the relative contributions of both channels. By using a least-squares fitting procedure, we model the observations of Type Ia SN rates assuming different combinations of three recent cosmic star formation rates and seven delay time distributions. The goodness of these fits are statistically quantified by the chi-squared test. For two of the three cosmic star formation rates, the single degenerate scenario provides the most accurate explanation for the observations, while a combination of 34% single degenerate and 66% double degenerate delay time distributions is more plausible for the remaining tested cosmic star formation rates. The wide double degenerate scenario mechanism slightly under-predicts the observations at redshift z>1, unless the cosmic SFR flattens in that regime. On the contrary, although the purely close double degenerate scenario can be ruled out, we cannot rule out a mixed scenario with single and double degenerate progenitors.