Soliton gas of the integrable Boussinesq equation and its generalised hydrodynamics

TL;DR

This paper develops a generalized hydrodynamics framework for the Boussinesq equation's soliton gas, providing a step towards understanding higher-dimensional integrable systems and their statistical mechanics.

Contribution

It introduces a heuristic GHD approach for the Boussinesq soliton gas, extending the theory to (2+1) dimensions and offering insights for the KP soliton gas.

Findings

Constructed GHD for Boussinesq soliton gas.

Provides a statistical mechanics interpretation of the gas.

Offers a foundation for higher-dimensional integrable systems.

Abstract

Generalised hydrodynamics (GHD) is a recent and powerful framework to study many-body integrable systems, quantum or classical, out of equilibrium. It has been applied to several models, from the delta Bose gas to the XXZ spin chain, the KdV soliton gas and many more. Yet it has only been applied to (1+1)-dimensional systems and generalisation to higher dimensions of space is non-trivial. We study the Boussinesq equation which, while generally considered to be less physically relevant than the KdV equation, is interesting as a stationary reduction of the (boosted) Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, a prototypical and universal example of a nonlinear integrable PDE in (2+1) dimensions. We follow a heuristic approach inspired by the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz in order to construct the GHD of the Boussinesq soliton gas. Such approach allows for a statistical mechanics interpretation of the Boussinesq soliton gas that comes naturally with the GHD picture. This is to be seen as a first step in the construction of the KP soliton gas, yielding insight on some classes of solutions from which we may be able to build an intuition on how to devise a more general theory. This also offers another perspective on the construction of anisotropic bidirectional soliton gases previously introduced phenomenologically by Congy et al (2021).