Sharing Spectrum and Services in the 7-24 GHz Upper Midband

TL;DR

This paper explores spectrum sharing and coexistence strategies for 7-24 GHz cellular networks, emphasizing enabling technologies, policies, and real-world performance tradeoffs for future 6G deployments.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive analysis of spectrum sharing challenges and solutions in the 7-24 GHz band, including real-world scenario evaluation and a proposed Open RAN-based architecture.

Findings

FR-3 offers better coverage than FR-2 and FR-1.

Bandwidth is maximized with FR-1, while coverage is improved with FR-3.

Dynamic spectrum sharing can enable coexistence with incumbents.

Abstract

The upper midband, spanning 7 to 24 GHz, strikes a good balance between large bandwidths and favorable propagation environments for future 6th Generation (6G) networks. Wireless networks in the upper midband, however, will need to share the spectrum and safely coexist with a variety of incumbents, ranging from radiolocation to fixed satellite services, as well as Earth exploration and sensing. In this paper, we take the first step toward understanding the potential and challenges associated with cellular systems between 7 and 24 GHz. Our focus is on the enabling technologies and policies for coexistence with established incumbents. We consider dynamic spectrum sharing solutions enabled by programmable and adaptive cellular networks, but also the possibility of leveraging the cellular infrastructure for incumbent services. Our comprehensive analysis employs ray tracing and examines real-world urban scenarios to evaluate throughput, coverage tradeoffs, and the potential impact on incumbent services. Our findings highlight the advantages of FR-3 over FR-2 and FR-1 in terms of coverage and bandwidth, respectively. We conclude by discussing a network architecture based on Open RAN, aimed at enabling dynamic spectrum and service sharing.