Recent Advances in Digital Image and Video Forensics, Anti-forensics and Counter Anti-forensics

TL;DR

This survey reviews recent progress in digital image and video forensics, anti-forensics, and counter anti-forensics, emphasizing detection techniques, vulnerabilities, and open challenges in combating media manipulation and disinformation.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of detection and anti-forensics methods, highlighting the interplay and recent advancements in the field.

Findings

Media forgery detection techniques are vulnerable to anti-forensics.

Anti-forensics methods can be detected by counter anti-forensics.

Open problems remain in robust detection and anti-forensics strategies.

Abstract

Image and video forensics have recently gained increasing attention due to the proliferation of manipulated images and videos, especially on social media platforms, such as Twitter and Instagram, which spread disinformation and fake news. This survey explores image and video identification and forgery detection covering both manipulated digital media and generative media. However, media forgery detection techniques are susceptible to anti-forensics; on the other hand, such anti-forensics techniques can themselves be detected. We therefore further cover both anti-forensics and counter anti-forensics techniques in image and video. Finally, we conclude this survey by highlighting some open problems in this domain.