Active Support of Inverters for Improving Short-Term Voltage Security in 100% IBRsPenetrated Power Systems

TL;DR

This paper proposes a control scheme and fault ride-through strategy to enhance short-term voltage security in power systems with 100% inverter-based resources, effectively coordinating GFL and GFM devices to prevent disconnections.

Contribution

It introduces a novel control method based on transient characteristics of synchronous machines and an optimization model for multi-device coordination in high IBR penetration systems.

Findings

Improved voltage support capability of GFL and GFM devices.

Effective prevention of large-scale IBR disconnections.

Validated results on multiple power system models.

Abstract

Due to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the installed capacity of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power grids is rapidly increasing, and grid-following control (GFL) is the most prevalent at present. Meanwhile, grid-forming control-based (GFM) devices have been installed in the grid to provide active support for frequency and voltage. In the future GFL devices combined with GFM will be promising, especially in power systems with high penetration or 100% IBRs. When a short-circuit fault occurs in the grid, the controlled current source characteristic of the GFL devices leads to insufficient dynamic voltage support (DVS), while the GFM devices usually reduce the internal voltage to limit the current. Thus, deep voltage sags and undesired disconnections of IBRs may occur. Moreover, due to the dispersed locations and the control strategies' diversity of IBRs, the voltage support of different devices may not be fully coordinated, which is not conducive to short-term voltage security (STVS). To address this issue, a control scheme based on the simulation of transient characteristics of synchronous machines (SMs) is proposed. Then, a new fault ride-through strategy (FRT) is proposed based on the characteristic differences between GFL and GFM devices, and an optimization model of multi-device control parameters is formulated to meet the short-term voltage security constraints (SVSCs) and device capacity constraints. Finally, a fast solution method based on analytical modeling is proposed for the model. Test results based on the doublegenerator-one-load system, the IEEE 14-bus system, and other systems of different sizes show that the proposed method can effectively enhance the active support capability of GFL and GFM to the grid voltage, and avoid the large-scale disconnection of IBRs