Emergence of tension-compression asymmetry from a complete phase-field approach to brittle fracture

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that a complete phase-field model of brittle fracture naturally captures tension-compression asymmetry without needing energy splits, aligning well with experimental results.

Contribution

It provides a systematic study showing that the complete phase-field theory inherently models tension-compression asymmetry, unlike traditional energy split methods.

Findings

Complete theory captures asymmetry without energy split.

Only the complete model matches experimental results in complex loading.

Traditional energy splits are less accurate for large compressive stresses.

Abstract

The classical variational approach to brittle fracture propagation does not distinguish between strain energy accumulation in tension versus compression and consequently results in physically unrealistic cracking under compression. A variety of energy splits have been proposed as a possible remedy. However, a unique energy split that can describe this asymmetry for general loading conditions has not been found. The main objective of this paper is to show that a complete phase-field theory of brittle fracture nucleation and propagation, one that accounts for the material strength at large, can naturally capture the tension-compression asymmetry without an energy split. One such theory has been recently proposed by Kumar et al. (2018). Over the past few years, several studies have shown that this theory is capable of accurately describing fracture nucleation and propagation for materials soft and hard under arbitrary monotonic loading conditions. However, a systematic study of the tension-compression asymmetry that emerges from this theory has not yet been reported. This paper does precisely that. In particular, this paper reports a comprehensive study of crack propagation in two problems, one involving a symmetric tension-compression state and the other involving larger compressive stresses at the crack tip. The results are compared with popular energy splits used in literature. The results show that, remarkably, for the second problem, only the complete theory is able to produce experimentally consistent results.