Driven bright solitons on a mid-infrared laser chip

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a compact, DC-driven semiconductor laser chip that generates stable, picosecond bright solitons at 8.3 μm, advancing mid-infrared laser technology with integrated, robust, and efficient solutions.

Contribution

It introduces a novel monolithic semiconductor laser chip capable of generating stable mid-infrared solitons without active stabilization, using a passive Kerr-like bistability scheme.

Findings

Generates 1 ps solitons at 8.3 μm wavelength

Operates continuously for hours without active stabilization

Compatible with standard industrial fabrication processes

Abstract

Despite the ongoing progress in integrated optical frequency comb technology, compact sources of short bright pulses in the mid-infrared wavelength range from 3 {\mu}m to 12 {\mu}m so far remained beyond reach. The state-of-the-art ultrafast pulse emitters in the mid-infrared are complex, bulky, and inefficient systems based on the downconversion of near-infrared or visible pulsed laser sources. Here we show a purely DC-driven semiconductor laser chip that generates one picosecond solitons at the center wavelength of 8.3 {\mu}m at GHz repetition rates. The soliton generation scheme is akin to that of passive nonlinear Kerr resonators. It relies on a fast bistability in active nonlinear laser resonators, unlike traditional passive mode-locking which relies on saturable absorbers or active mode-locking by gain modulation in semiconductor lasers. Monolithic integration of all components - drive laser, active ring resonator, coupler, and pump filter - enables turnkey generation of bright solitons that remain robust for hours of continuous operation without active stabilization. Such devices can be readily produced at industrial laser foundries using standard fabrication protocols. Our work unifies the physics of active and passive microresonator frequency combs, while simultaneously establishing a technology for nonlinear integrated photonics in the mid-infrared.