A field-level emulator for modeling baryonic effects across hydrodynamic simulations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simple, accurate emulator for baryonic effects at the field level in weak lensing analyses, trained on diverse hydrodynamic simulations, enabling improved inference and modeling.

Contribution

The authors develop a Gaussian process emulator for baryonic effects that is flexible, accurate, and applicable across various cosmologies and simulation parameters.

Findings

Emulator achieves percent-level accuracy.

Cross-correlation coefficient close to 1 down to k~10 h/Mpc.

Method improves modeling of baryonic effects in weak lensing.

Abstract

We develop a new and simple method to model baryonic effects at the field level relevant for weak lensing analyses. We analyze thousands of state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations from the CAMELS project, each with different cosmology and strength of feedback, and we find that the cross-correlation coefficient between full hydrodynamic and N-body simulations is very close to 1 down to $k\sim10~h{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. This suggests that modeling baryonic effects at the field level down to these scales only requires N-body simulations plus a correction to the mode's amplitude given by: $\sqrt{P_{\rm hydro}(k)/P_{\rm nbody}(k)}$. In this paper, we build an emulator for this quantity, using Gaussian processes, that is flexible enough to reproduce results from thousands of hydrodynamic simulations that have different cosmologies, astrophysics, subgrid physics, volumes, resolutions, and at different redshifts. Our emulator is accurate at the percent level and exhibits a range of validation superior to previous studies. This method and our emulator enable field-level simulation-based inference analyses and accounting for baryonic effects in weak lensing analyses.