Towards Autonomous Supply Chains: Definition, Characteristics, Conceptual Framework, and Autonomy Levels

TL;DR

This paper defines autonomous supply chains, introduces a layered conceptual framework and autonomy levels, and demonstrates an initial implementation through a case study, aiming to guide future research in this emerging field.

Contribution

It provides the first formal definition and layered framework for autonomous supply chains, along with a seven-level autonomy reference model and a practical case study.

Findings

Initial implementation of ASC in meat supply chain

Proposed MIISI layered conceptual framework

Seven-level autonomy reference model

Abstract

Recent global disruptions, such as the pandemic and geopolitical conflicts, have profoundly exposed vulnerabilities in traditional supply chains, requiring exploration of more resilient alternatives. Autonomous supply chains (ASCs) have emerged as a potential solution, offering increased visibility, flexibility, and resilience in turbulent trade environments. Despite discussions in industry and academia over several years, ASCs lack well-established theoretical foundations. This paper addresses this research gap by presenting a formal definition of ASC along with its defining characteristics and auxiliary concepts. We propose a layered conceptual framework called the MIISI model. An illustrative case study focusing on the meat supply chain demonstrates an initial ASC implementation based on this conceptual model. Additionally, we introduce a seven-level supply chain autonomy reference model, delineating a trajectory towards achieving a full supply chain autonomy. Recognising that this work represents an initial endeavour, we emphasise the need for continued exploration in this emerging domain. We anticipate that this work will stimulate further research, both theoretical and technical, and contribute to the continual evolution of ASCs.