Evaluating and Enhancing Large Language Models Performance in Domain-specific Medicine: Osteoarthritis Management with DocOA

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the performance of large language models in osteoarthritis management, introduces a specialized model called DocOA, and presents a new benchmark framework for assessing domain-specific clinical AI capabilities.

Contribution

It develops a novel benchmark framework for domain-specific LLM evaluation and introduces DocOA, a tailored LLM that improves osteoarthritis management over general models.

Findings

General LLMs underperform in OA-specific tasks

DocOA significantly outperforms GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in OA management

Tailored LLMs enhance clinical decision support in specialized domains

Abstract

The efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in domain-specific medicine, particularly for managing complex diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), remains largely unexplored. This study focused on evaluating and enhancing the clinical capabilities of LLMs in specific domains, using osteoarthritis (OA) management as a case study. A domain specific benchmark framework was developed, which evaluate LLMs across a spectrum from domain-specific knowledge to clinical applications in real-world clinical scenarios. DocOA, a specialized LLM tailored for OA management that integrates retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and instruction prompts, was developed. The study compared the performance of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and a specialized assistant, DocOA, using objective and human evaluations. Results showed that general LLMs like GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 were less effective in the specialized domain of OA management, particularly in providing personalized treatment recommendations. However, DocOA showed significant improvements. This study introduces a novel benchmark framework which assesses the domain-specific abilities of LLMs in multiple aspects, highlights the limitations of generalized LLMs in clinical contexts, and demonstrates the potential of tailored approaches for developing domain-specific medical LLMs.