An Infinite Double Bubble Theorem

TL;DR

This paper extends the classical double bubble theorem to configurations where two chambers have infinite volume, proving local minimality of a weighted lens cluster and establishing its uniqueness in various dimensions.

Contribution

It introduces and proves the local minimality and uniqueness of weighted lens clusters as solutions for infinite-volume double bubble configurations in Euclidean space.

Findings

Weighted lens cluster is locally minimizing for (1,2)-clusters.

Uniqueness of the weighted lens cluster as a local minimizer in dimensions n≤7.

Extension of the minimality and uniqueness results to higher dimensions n≥8 under growth conditions.

Abstract

The classical double bubble theorem characterizes the minimizing partitions of $\mathbb{R}^n$ into three chambers, two of which have prescribed finite volume. In this paper we prove a variant of the double bubble theorem in which two of the chambers have infinite volume. Such a configuration is an example of a (1,2)-cluster, or a partition of $\mathbb{R}^n$ into three chambers, two of which have infinite volume and only one of which has finite volume. A $(1,2)$-cluster is locally minimizing with respect to a family of weights $\{c_{jk}\}$ if for any $B_r(0)$, it minimizes the interfacial energy $\sum_{j<k} c_{jk} \mathscr{H}^n(\partial \mathscr{X}(j) \cap \partial\mathscr{X}(k) \cap B_r(0))$ among all variations with compact support in $B_r(0)$ which preserve the volume of $\mathscr{X}(1)$. For $(1,2)$ clusters, the analogue of the weighted double bubble is the weighted lens cluster, and we show that it is locally minimizing. Furthermore, under a symmetry assumption on $\{c_{jk}\}$ that includes the case of equal weights, the weighted lens cluster is the unique local minimizer in $\mathbb{R}^n$ for $n\leq 7$, with the same uniqueness holding in $\mathbb{R}^n$ for $n\geq 8$ under a natural growth assumption. We also obtain a closure theorem for locally minimizing $(N,2)$-clusters.