Consolidating Strategies for Countering Hate Speech Using Persuasive Dialogues

TL;DR

This paper explores controllable strategies for generating persuasive counter-arguments to hate speech online, aiming for long-term solutions by engaging with perpetrators and reducing harmful rhetoric.

Contribution

It introduces novel methods for controlling counter-argument generation using argument structure, speech acts, and human traits, with models for automatic feature annotation.

Findings

Identified effective feature combinations for fluent, logical counter-arguments.

Developed models for automatic annotation of argumentative features.

Provided a silver-standard annotated hate speech corpus.

Abstract

Hateful comments are prevalent on social media platforms. Although tools for automatically detecting, flagging, and blocking such false, offensive, and harmful content online have lately matured, such reactive and brute force methods alone provide short-term and superficial remedies while the perpetrators persist. With the public availability of large language models which can generate articulate synthetic and engaging content at scale, there are concerns about the rapid growth of dissemination of such malicious content on the web. There is now a need to focus on deeper, long-term solutions that involve engaging with the human perpetrator behind the source of the content to change their viewpoint or at least bring down the rhetoric using persuasive means. To do that, we propose defining and experimenting with controllable strategies for generating counter-arguments to hateful comments in online conversations. We experiment with controlling response generation using features based on (i) argument structure and reasoning-based Walton argument schemes, (ii) counter-argument speech acts, and (iii) human characteristics-based qualities such as Big-5 personality traits and human values. Using automatic and human evaluations, we determine the best combination of features that generate fluent, argumentative, and logically sound arguments for countering hate. We further share the developed computational models for automatically annotating text with such features, and a silver-standard annotated version of an existing hate speech dialog corpora.