Earthquake-induced hazards in mountain regions: a review of case histories from Central Asia -- an inaugural lecture to the society

TL;DR

This review analyzes earthquake-triggered landslides in Central Asia, highlighting the types, case histories, and long-term effects of seismic events on mountain slopes, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive landslide surveys.

Contribution

It provides a detailed review of case histories of seismic landslides in Central Asia and discusses the importance of long-term monitoring of slope stability after earthquakes.

Findings

Massive long runout rockslides and loess earth flows are particularly destructive.

The 1949 Khait earthquake was significantly influenced by such mass movements.

Many landslides show complex failure histories before collapse.

Abstract

This paper presents a summary of the main trigger factors of earthquake-induced landslides as well as a review of case histories of major landslide-triggering earthquake events in Central Asia. The Kainama earth-flow case history of 2005 is added to document possible mid-term effects of smaller earthquakes. These events show that in the Central Asian Mountains, two types of seismically triggered mass movements may have particularly disastrous effects: massive long runout rockslides and medium-sized earth flows made of loess -- or a mixture of both. These types of mass movements also significantly contributed to the largest natural catastrophe of the last century in Central Asian mountain regions: the 1949 Khait earthquake.The high impact potential of these types of mass movements is further pointed out through comparison with two worldwide known events, the 1920 Haiyuan (China) and the 1976 Peru earthquake.Case studies had been carried out on rockslides, debris slumps and earth flows triggered by the above-mentioned Kemin and Suusamyr earthquakes as well as other smaller seismic shocks in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan. Many of the investigated landslides had known a complex failure history before final collapse. To better assess the short- to long-term effects of earthquakes on slopes, landslides need to be surveyed more intensively, over mid- and long-terms.