Relativistic Quantum Fields Are Universal Entanglement Embezzlers

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that relativistic quantum fields can emulate any entangled state with arbitrary precision, revealing their role as universal entanglement embezzlers and providing a new operational perspective on quantum field entanglement.

Contribution

It establishes a novel link between entanglement embezzlement and von Neumann algebra classification, showing that quantum fields can universally emulate entanglement.

Findings

Relativistic quantum fields can emulate any entangled state.

The vacuum state contains an infinite amount of entanglement.

A deep connection exists between embezzlement and von Neumann algebras.

Abstract

Embezzlement of entanglement refers to the counterintuitive possibility of extracting entangled quantum states from a reference state of an auxiliary system (the "embezzler") via local quantum operations while hardly perturbing the latter. We uncover a deep connection between the operational task of embezzling entanglement and the mathematical classification of von Neumann algebras. Our result implies that relativistic quantum fields are universal embezzlers: Any entangled state of any dimension can be embezzled from them with arbitrary precision. This provides an operational characterization of the infinite amount of entanglement present in the vacuum state of relativistic quantum field theories.