Strategies for the Integration of quantum networks for a future quantum internet

TL;DR

This paper explores strategies for integrating existing and emerging quantum networks to develop a future global quantum internet, focusing on SDN-based hierarchical and distributed control schemes, analyzing deployment cases, and discussing security and technological challenges.

Contribution

It proposes two SDN-based integration strategies for quantum networks, analyzing their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability in different scenarios.

Findings

Hierarchical and distributed SDN schemes each have unique pros and cons.

Analysis of current quantum network deployments informs strategy development.

Security and technological challenges are identified for future quantum internet deployment.

Abstract

The great scientific and technological advances that are being carried out in the field of quantum communications, accompanied by large investment programs such as EuroQCI, are driving the deployment of quantum network throughout the world. One of the final long-term objectives is to achieve the development of a quantum internet that provides greater security in its services and new functionalities that the current internet does not have. This article analyzes the possible integration strategies of already deployed networks or in the process of being deployed in order to reach a future global quantum network. Two strategies based on the SDN paradigm are proposed, based on a hierarchical controller scheme and on a distributed model. Each of these approaches shows pros and cons and could be applicable in different use cases. To define these strategies, the most relevant deployments of quantum communications networks carried out to date has been analyzed, as well as the different approaches for a quantum network architecture and topology, and the various proposed definitions of what quantum internet is and what are the components that would make it up in an ideal scenario. Finally, several detected opportunities and challenges regarding security and technological aspects are presented.