Recent advances of Beyond the Standard model cosmology

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent theoretical and observational developments in Beyond the Standard Model cosmology, highlighting potential signatures like primordial black holes, gravitational waves, and dark matter phenomena that challenge the standard paradigm.

Contribution

It discusses open problems and new signatures in BSM cosmology, including dark atoms, antimatter domains, and axion-like particles, linking them to recent observational hints.

Findings

Hints for antihelium in cosmic rays suggest new physics.

Detection of stochastic gravitational wave background supports BSM models.

Dark atom models may explain direct dark matter search results.

Abstract

BSM physics, underlying the now standard inflationary cosmology with baryosynthesis and dark matter/energy, inevitably leads to features, going beyond this standard cosmological paradigm. The signatures of these features can be considered in the hints for the existence of antihelium component of cosmic rays and massive Primordial Black Holes (PBH), in the discovery of stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) and evidence for early galaxy formation as well as in the dark atom solution for the puzzles of direct dark mater searches. We discuss open problems of physics of dark atoms, which can explain positive result of DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA direct searches for dark matter, of the origin and evolution of antimatter domains in baryon asymmetrical Universe, of the Axion Like Particle (ALP) physics, which may explain the origin of SGWB, discovered by Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) facilities and early galaxy formation, favored by James Webb Space Telescope.