So You Want to Image Myelin Using MRI: Magnetic Susceptibility Source Separation for Myelin Imaging

TL;DR

This paper reviews a novel MRI technique called magnetic susceptibility source separation, which provides a new way to visualize and quantify myelin in the brain by creating diamagnetic susceptibility maps, with comparisons to existing methods and potential applications.

Contribution

It introduces and comprehensively reviews the magnetic susceptibility source separation method as a new biomarker for myelin imaging in MRI.

Findings

Validation of susceptibility maps as myelin biomarkers

Comparison with established myelin imaging methods

Discussion of clinical and scientific applications

Abstract

In MRI, researchers have long endeavored to effectively visualize myelin distribution in the brain, a pursuit with significant implications for both scientific research and clinical applications. Over time, various methods such as myelin water imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, and relaxometric imaging have been developed, each carrying distinct advantages and limitations. Recently, an innovative technique named as magnetic susceptibility source separation has emerged, introducing a novel surrogate biomarker for myelin in the form of a diamagnetic susceptibility map. This paper comprehensively reviews this cutting-edge method, providing the fundamental concepts of magnetic susceptibility, susceptibility imaging, and the validation of the diamagnetic susceptibility map as a myelin biomarker that indirectly measure myelin content. Additionally, the paper explores essential aspects of data acquisition and processing, offering practical insights for readers. A comparison with established myelin imaging methods is also presented, and both current and prospective clinical and scientific applications are discussed to provide a holistic understanding of the technique. This work aims to serve as a foundational resource for newcomers entering this dynamic and rapidly expanding field.