Global analysis reveals persistent shortfalls and regional differences in availability of foods needed for health

TL;DR

This study analyzes global food system trends using the Healthy Diet Basket to assess progress and disparities in food availability, highlighting persistent shortfalls in key food groups and regional differences affecting healthy diet access.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive analysis of global food supply-demand alignment with dietary guidelines using the HDB, revealing regional disparities and the impact of investments on food adequacy.

Findings

Large global shortfalls in fruits, vegetables, and legumes.

Regional disparities in animal source food consumption.

Modest improvements with additional investments in reducing hunger.

Abstract

Most people around the world still lack access to sufficient quantities of all food groups needed for an active and healthy life. This study traces historical and projected changes in global food systems toward alignment with the new Healthy Diet Basket (HDB) used by UN agencies and the World Bank to monitor the cost and affordability of healthy diets worldwide. Using the HDB as a standard to measure adequacy of national, regional and global supply-demand balances, we find substantial but inconsistent progress toward closer alignment with dietary guidelines, with large global shortfalls in fruits, vegetables, and legumes, nuts, and seeds, and large disparities among regions in use of animal source foods. Projections show that additional investments aimed at reducing chronic hunger would modestly accelerate improvements in adequacy where shortfalls are greatest, revealing the need for complementary investments to increase access to under-consumed food groups especially in low-income countries.